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Saffron Revolution is a term used to describe a series of economic and political protests and demonstrations that took place during August, September and October 2007 in Burma (also known as Myanmar). The protests were triggered by the decision of the national military government to remove subsidies on the sales prices of fuel. The national government is the only supplier of fuels and the removal of the price subsidy immediately caused diesel and petrol prices to increase by 66%--100% and the price of compressed natural gas for buses to increase 500% in less than a week. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC NEWS | World | Asia-Pacific | Burma leaders double fuel prices )〕 The various protests were led by students, political activists, including women, and Buddhist monks and took the form of a campaign of nonviolent resistance, sometimes also called civil resistance.〔Christina Fink, "The Moment of the Monks: Burma, 2007", in Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), ''Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present'', Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-955201-6, pp. 354–370. ()〕 In response to the protests dozens of protesters were arrested or detained. Starting in September 2007 the protests were led by thousands of Buddhist monks, and those protests were allowed to proceed until a renewed government crackdown in late September 2007.〔(UN envoy warns of Myanmar crisis )〕 Some news reports referred to the protests as the Saffron Revolution, or ((:sw̥èi wà jàʊɴ tɔ̀ l̥àɴ jéi)).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=100,000 Protestors Flood Streets of Rangoon in "Saffron Revolution" )〕 Some of the prominent or symbolic individuals who figured in these events included (i) Senior General Than Shwe, Commander in Chief of the Myanmar Armed forces (ii) Aung San Suu Kyi, Burmese opposition figure and Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1991, (iii) Kenji Nagai, Japanese photojournalist who was killed during the protests, (iv) Zarganar, Burmese comedian and protester and (v) U Gambira, a leader of the Buddhist monks in opposition. The exact number of casualties is not known, but estimates range from 13-31 deaths resulting from the protests and reprisals by the government. Several hundred people were arrested or detained, many, but not all, of whom were released. Senior General Than Shwe remained in power until he retired in 2011 at age 78. ==Etymology== The phrase "Saffron Revolution" connects the protests against Myanmar's military dictatorship to the saffron-coloured robes widely associated with Buddhist monks, who were at the forefront of the demonstrations. However, this nomenclature is misleading as the majority of monks in Burma wear maroon (reddish-brown) robes, not saffron (golden-yellow) robes (see saffron). While similar terms for protests (see colour revolution) had been used elsewhere to describe the process of gradual or peaceful revolution in other nations, this seems to be the first time it has been associated with a particular protest as it is unfolding, and the international press seized upon the term in reporting on the Burmese protests.〔Mother Jones: ''(Has Washington Found its Iranian Chalabi? )'' 6 October 2006〕 However, the idea that the monkhood is connected to specifically Burmese ideas about revolution has been argued by British academic Gustaaf Houtman, partly in critique of an alternative view held by a political scientist, that Gen. Ne Win's 1962 revolution was the only successful revolution in Burma. Burmese concepts of "revolution," however, have a much longer history and are also employed in many but not all monastic ordinations. The military government of Burma was called the State Peace and Development Council or "SPDC" from 1988 to 2011. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saffron Revolution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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